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Understanding Panic Attacks

Panic attacks can feel like the world is collapsing around you — or inside you.

we understand panic attacks as physiological & emotional expressions of unresolved pain, Not weakness, insanity, or spiritual failure.

You may feel your heart racing, your breath shortening, or your body trembling for no apparent reason. These episodes can be terrifying, especially when they appear to occur “out of nowhere.” Yet for many survivors of trauma — including religious trauma — panic attacks are not sudden or senseless. They are the body’s way of speaking what the mind has long repressed.

In this section, we explore the science of panic attacks, how they are linked to repressed emotions, and how healing is possible.

What Is a Panic Attack?

According to the DSM-5-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2022), a panic attack is a sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes and includes at least four of the following symptoms:
  • Heart palpitations or accelerated heart rate
  • Sweating or chills
  • Trembling or shaking
  • Shortness of breath or smothering sensations
  • Feelings of choking
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Nausea or abdominal distress
  • Dizziness, light-headedness, or faintness
  • Derealization (feeling unreal) or depersonalization (feeling detached from self)
  • • Fear of losing control, “going crazy,” or dying
Though panic attacks can mimic life-threatening conditions like heart attacks, they are rooted in the nervous system, not a physical disease.
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The Neurobiology of a Panic Attack

Panic attacks are the body’s emergency response system gone haywire. 
When the brain perceives a threat, whether real or imagined, it activates the sympathetic nervous system, triggering the fight-or-flight response. This includes:

• Release of adrenaline and cortisol
• Increased heart rate and respiration
• Muscle tension
• Heightened sensory awareness

In trauma survivors, especially those who experienced chronic fear, spiritual terror, or emotional suppression, the brain’s threat detection system (amygdala) becomes hypersensitive. Even benign triggers, such as a word, a sound, a memory, can send the nervous system into overdrive, resulting in a full-blown panic response.

In “The body keeps the score,” Dr. Bessel van der Kolk (2014) writes, “If the memory of trauma is encoded in the viscera, in heartbreaking and gut-wrenching emotions, then our first step in recovery is to learn to notice and tolerate the physical sensations that are associated with fear and helplessness.”

Panic Attacks and Repressed Emotions

Many panic attacks appear to arise “out of the blue.” But deeper investigation often reveals emotional material that has not been safely processed — grief, fear, anger, betrayal, or shame — frequently stemming from early developmental experiences or rigid religious environments.

Dr. Gabor Maté (2010) asserts: “Emotions that are repressed do not simply disappear, they are buried alive, and they will erupt in the form of symptoms or physical illness.”

Religious systems that demand emotional repression (e.g., “Don’t be angry,” “God is in control,” “Just have more faith”) often condition individuals to suppress their true emotional responses in favor of spiritual conformity. Over time, this builds internal pressure. When the body can no longer hold the accumulated fear, guilt, or grief, it releases it — sometimes suddenly — in the form of a panic attack.

This doesn’t mean panic is imaginary. It means it’s embodied emotion finally given expression through the only language it knows: the body.

Religious Trauma and Panic Disorders

Religious trauma can set the perfect stage for panic disorders to emerge. Consider the following factors:

Doctrines that emphasize eternal punishment, sinfulness, and divine judgment instill deep-rooted anxiety, particularly in children. The chronic internal stress caused by this spiritual fear can manifest decades later as panic attacks.

When individuals are taught to fear their own thoughts (as sinful or demonic), they learn to suppress them — but those thoughts often return with greater emotional intensity. Panic attacks can be the nervous system's response to thoughts that feel dangerous, even if they are benign.

Many religious environments prize obedience over authenticity. When people are told that their doubt, grief, or trauma is a lack of faith, they learn to disassociate from their emotional truth — a disconnection that may later trigger psychosomatic expressions such as panic.

Find a Therapist

Finding a counselor experienced in addressing religious trauma can provide a compassionate and safe space for healing. It’s essential to work with someone who understands the deep impact of harmful teachings, spiritual betrayal, and the feelings of fear, shame, or confusion that often accompany these experiences. A qualified counselor can help you process your pain, rebuild trust in yourself and others, and reclaim a sense of identity, empowerment, and authenticity in your life.

Neuroception: The Nervous System’s Hidden Surveillance System

To fully understand the roots of panic and anxiety, especially in trauma survivors, we must consider the concept of neuroception, a term introduced by Dr. Stephen Porges in his Polyvagal Theory. Neuroception refers to the body’s unconscious ability to detect safety, danger, or life threat in the environment without involving the conscious brain.

Unlike perception, which requires consciousness, neuroception is subconscious, automatic and instinctive. It scans for cues of danger such as facial expressions, tone of voice, posture, or environmental changes and informs the nervous system whether to activate safety (ventral vagal), mobilization (sympathetic), or shutdown (dorsal vagal) responses.

For trauma survivors, especially those shaped by unpredictable or authoritarian religious environments, neuroception can become distorted. Their nervous system may misinterpret neutral or safe stimuli (a tone of voice, a ritual, a memory) as dangerous based on past experiences of emotional, spiritual, or physical harm.

This helps explain why panic attacks may occur in seemingly “safe” environments:

  • A worship song might trigger subconscious fear if it was once associated with spiritual abuse

  • A phrase like “God is watching” might activate survival responses due to fear-based doctrine

  • A flashback to childhood religious shame may register as a life-threatening moment in the body

These responses are not irrational, they are body memories activated by unconscious threat detection.

As Bessel van der Kolk (2014) describes it: “The greatest sources of our suffering are the lies we tell ourselves to survive.” The body remembers the danger, even when the mind insists we are safe.

By working with neuroception through somatic therapies, relational safety, and body-based awareness, clients can begin to rewire their threat detection systems. The nervous system learns to differentiate between past and present, between real and perceived danger, ultimately reducing the frequency and intensity of panic attacks.

The Cycle of Panic and Avoidance

After a panic attack, many individuals begin to fear the experience itself, avoiding situations, people, or thoughts they associate with the event. This leads to anticipatory anxiety, which increases nervous system sensitivity and often triggers more panic. The result is a vicious cycle:
  1. Suppressed emotions or trauma are activated

  2. The body goes into panic

  3. Panic is misinterpreted as a sign of weakness or doom

  4. Avoidance and fear of the next attack grow

  5. Nervous system becomes hypervigilant

Breaking this cycle requires trauma-informed care that addresses both the body’s dysregulation and the underlying emotional truths that have been silenced. Certain Somatic psychology practices can put a stop to panic attacks.

How We Help: Panic Recovery at Religious Trauma Counseling

Many survivors of religious trauma face a complex question: “Can I ever feel safe again?” The answer is yes — but it may look different than you imagined.

We begin by establishing a relational foundation where you feel secure enough to explore vulnerable emotions without fear of judgment or correction. This creates the internal safety necessary for your nervous system to begin unwinding from panic-based responses.

We offer a diverse set of body-based methods — including Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Polyvagal-Informed Therapy, Trauma Release Exercises (TRE), and Somatic Integration and Movement Strategies (SIMS). These somatic tools help you discharge trapped survival energy and restore regulation to your body. Over time, clients report reduced panic symptoms and increased confidence in their ability to handle activation without fear.

Many religious environments suppress authentic emotional expression. We help you rediscover what it means to feel, respond, and speak from a place of truth — not fear. Through this work, you begin to trust your emotions rather than dread them.

Trauma often distorts our relationship with authority. In therapy, we explore how spiritual leaders, parents, or systems impacted your sense of self-trust. By healing these imbalances, you strengthen your own moral clarity and rebuild your sense of internal authority.

We help you cultivate a form of attention that allows thoughts, emotions, and sensations to arise without being judged, suppressed, or feared. This non-dual awareness supports nervous system healing by replacing reactivity with calm, present-centered witnessing — a powerful antidote to panic.

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM–5–TR). Washington, DC.

LeDoux, J. (2015). Anxious: Using the brain to understand and treat fear and anxiety. Viking.

Maté, G. (2010). In the realm of hungry ghosts: Close encounters with addiction. North Atlantic Books.

Maté, G. (2021). The myth of normal: Trauma, illness, and healing in a toxic culture. Avery.

Porges, S. W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. Norton.

Rachman, S. (2004). Anxiety. The Psychologist, 17(12), 698–701.

van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Viking.

we see you, and we’re here to help you heal.

Panic attacks are not personal failures or signs of spiritual weakness. They are physiological expressions of emotional truths that could not be spoken. For many survivors of religious trauma, panic is the body’s way of remembering, and asking to be heard.

With the right methods, panic attacks can be transformed from terrifying events into profound opportunities for healing and self-reconnection. At Religious Trauma Counseling, we walk with you every step of the way — toward calm, toward clarity, and toward the reclamation of your emotional life.
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